內地與澳門公訴制度之比較與啓示

Comparison and Revelation of the Public Prosecution System in Mainland China and Macao

Abstract

本文通過對澳門與內地公訴制度進行比較分析，提出完善內地公訴制度的意見，認為內地檢察院以放棄偵查權為宜，以便更好地通過行使公訴權，加強訴訟監督；內地刑訴法可規定檢察院不得撤回公訴，以增強公眾信任度；借鑒澳門訴訟暫時中止制度（又稱暫緩起訴），從適用條件、內容和程序上，完善內地的酌定不起訴及對未成年人的有條件不起訴制度。澳門特別行政區在一國兩制前提下，享有行政管理權、立法權、獨立的司法權和終審權，是我國十分重要的法域之一，由於澳門獨特的歷史傳統和現實社會狀況，其刑事訴訟中的公訴制度與內地相比較，存在較大的差異。本文對澳門與內地公訴制度進行比較分析，以吸取澳門較成功的經驗，給完善內地公訴制度以啟示。

Through the comparison between the public prosecution in mainland China and that of Macau, suggestions on the public prosecution in mainland China are proposed in this article. It is recommended that the procuratorates in Mainland China abandon the function of investigation, in order to strengthen their performance on litigation supervision by means of public prosecution. The criminal procedure law in China should stipulate that the procuratorates cannot withdraw prosecution, which could

increase the government's credibility. Referring to the deferred prosecution system in Macau, it is recommended to make the discretional non-prosecution system and the minor relative nolle prosequi system more complete. Under the political premise of “One Country, Two Systems", Macao Special Administrative Region enjoys executive, legislative and independent judicial power in accordance with the law, including that of final adjudication. Because of the particular historical tradition and the social condition,there are significant difference on public prosecution between Macau and mainland China. The comparative analysis of the prosecution system between Macau and the Mainland is made in this article in order to draw lessons from Macau's successful experience and to improve the system of public prosecution in Mainland China.