重構商事登記制度的探索

The Exploration of Reconstructing Commercial Registration System

Abstract

商業門檻所帶來的成本本應隨著經濟的發展、市場開放化程度的提高而越來越低，但是目前事實情況卻與理論判斷有著較大差異，准入門檻的商業成本被不斷加大而形成的一種制度性增高。由此可見，現行的商事登記制度已然不能對中國的經濟發展起到促進作用，其固有模式正在逐漸吞噬中國社會進步的動力。2012 年初，國家工商行政管理總局進行了商事制度改革的試點工作，深圳市和珠海市分別啟用了種類精簡的新版營業執照。2014 年，廣東省鑒於自然人的營業自由受到實質性限制的困境，在省內實施了將商事主體登記與營業專案審批相分離的舉措，對於不同的兩種取得經營資格的企業進行了登記改革。透過這一系列的商事登記制度變革措施不難看出，市場需要政府放開行政管制，給予商主體更多經營自由，同時希望政府做好經濟發展的後勤工作，保障好交易各方的合法利益。因而，對於完善或者重構有關商事登記現有法律的呼聲也在日益高漲。

The commercial registration system is an important legal system of the market economy. It involves the basic conditions of the market economy, which is related to the interests of the parties to the transaction and the order of the market economy, and even affects the stability of the whole society. At present, the subject qualification and business qualification in China's commercial registration system is confused with the relationship between registration and examination and approval. There is also a problem that the commercial registration system cannot get involved in the development of the emerging industries. Therefore, China should establish a system of legislative norms to clarify the relationship between the registration of legal persons and business registration, separate the registration of legal persons and business registration in the commercial registration system, to reduce the entry threshold of commercial subjects, to clarify the legal responsibility of parties to protect the transaction security.