《民法典》保理合同規則的理解與適用

Understanding and Application of the Rules on Factoring Contracts in the Civil Code

Abstract

保理合同是《民法典》新增的典型合同，對《民法典》保理合同規則的理解和適用，在理論界和實務界都存在一些爭議較大的問题。應從厘清保理合同的性質入手，分析《民法典》保理合同規則理解的爭議焦點，包括可轉讓的應收眼款範圈不明確、「明知虚構」的「明知」鲍圈不明確、涉及保理糾紛的法院管轄權規定不清晰等，針對這些爭議問题，應對法律漏洞進行填神。法院在適用《民法典》保理合同規則時宜認定:保理商可以作為债權轉讓的通知主體;偾權轉讓進行登記後可對抗執行值權人、破產管理人等主體;基礎合同無效並不必然導致保理合同無效，「禁止轉帳」條款不能對抗善意第三人。

The Factoring Contract is a typical contract added to the Civil Code, and there are some controversial issues in the theoretical and practical circles regarding the understanding and application of the Factoring Contract rules of the Civil Code. Starting from clarifying the nature of Factoring Contracts, we should analyze the controversial points of understanding the rules of Factoring Contracts in the Civil Code, including the ambiguity of the scope of negotiable receivables, the ambiguity of the scope of "knowingly" in "knowingly fictitious", the ambiguity of the jurisdiction of the courts in factoring disputes, etc. The legal loopholes should be filled to address these controversial issues. In applying the rules on Factoring Contracts in the Civil Code, the court should consider that: the factor can be the subject of notification of the assignment of claims; the assignment of claims can be registered against the enforcement creditor, the bankruptcy administrator and other subjects; the invalidity of the underlying contract does not necessarily lead to the invalidity of the factoring contract, and the "no transfer" clause cannot be used against bona fide third parties.