粵澳間個人數據流動法律監管的困境檢視與完善進路

The Dilemma of Legal Supervision of Personal Data Flow between Guangdong and Macao and the Way to Improve

Abstract

數字經濟的蓬勃發展和數字治理的不斷博新加速了全球經濟的資訊化浪潮，同時隨著數據要素市場的擴大，個人 數據在國際經貿市場上開始扮演越來越重要的角色，在此趨勢之下個人數據跨境流動頻率大幅提升，個人數據的經濟和社會 價值不斷增長。然而，個人數據的跨境流動引發公民隱私、商業機密和國家安全的隱患，這既是域內治理問題，也是國際法 律問題，為了更好的解決數據跨境的治理難題，我國亟待完善個人數據跨境流動的法律監管制度中國內地與澳門之間具有“一 國兩制兩法域”的特殊性，對於數據跨境流動的限制受多重因素的影響，必須探索出粤澳協同發展個人數據跨境的有效途徑， 以其為先行的試點，實現區域內的數據要素高效流動，促進我國個人數據跨境流動制度的建立。具體而言，在國內監管規則 層面，應考慮專項立法實現對個人數據的規制，依據不同劃分邏輯對個人數據進行類型化區分，實現分級監管；在粵澳監管 合作層面，應強調自由港先行先試，並通過雙邊協議實現監管協作，統籌內外，多元治理。

The vigorous development of digital economy and the constant innovation of digital governance have accelerated the information wave of the global economy. At the same time, with the expansion of the data factor market, personal data has begun to play an increasingly important role in the international economic and trade market. Under this trend, the frequency of cross-border flow of personal data has greatly increased, and the cconomic and social value of personal data has been increasing. However, the cross-border flow of personal data leads to the hidden dangers of citizens' privacy, business secrets and national security, which is not only a problem of internal governance, but also an international legal issue. In order to better solve the problem of cross-border governance of personal data, China urgently needs to improve the legal supervision system of cross-border flow of personal data. China Mainland and Macao have the particularity of "one country, two systems and two jurisdictions"， and the restrictions on cross-border flow of data are affected by multiple factors. We must explore effective ways for Guangdong and Macao to jointly develop cross-border personal data, taking it as the first pilot. Specifically, at the level of domestic regulatory rules, we should consider special legislation to regulate personal data, classify personal data according to different division logic, and realize hierarchical supervision; At the level of supervision and cooperation between Guangdong and Macao, we should emphasize that free ports should be tried first, and realize supervision and cooperation through bilateral agreements, and coordinate internal and external and diversified governance.